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Cohort Studies
A cohort study is a study design where one or more people (called cohorts) are followed. Subsequent status evaluations concerning a disease or outcome are conducted to determine which participants’ exposure characteristics (risk factors) are associated. As the study is conducted, the outcome from participants in each cohort is measured, and relationships with specific characteristics are determined.
Cohort Study facts:
- Cohort studies usually observe large groups of individuals and record their exposure to certain risk factors to find clues about the possible causes of disease.
- They can be prospective studies that gather data going forward or retrospective cohort studies, which look at data already collected.
- This type of research can also help identify social factors that influence health.
The fundamentals of a cohort study are:
a. Identify people who are free of disease at the beginning of study
b. Assemble cohorts of exposed and unexposed individuals
c. Follow cohorts for the development of incident outcomes
d. Compare the risks of incident outcomes in each cohort
Advantages
- Cheaper & easier than a randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- Standardization of criteria/outcome is possible
- Subjects can be matched, which limits the influence of confounding variables.
Disadvantages
- Cohorts can be difficult to identify from confounding variables
- No randomization, which means that imbalances could exist
- Blinding/Masking is difficult
- The outcome of interest can take a long time to occur
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Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, CCST, IFMCP*, CIFM*, ATN*
email: coach@elpasofunctionalmedicine.com
phone: 915-850-0900
Licensed in: Texas & New Mexico*