Heart disease is one of the most common health issues associated with metabolic syndrome. People with metabolic syndrome can have several conditions that may increase the risk of developing a variety of health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Approximately 50 million adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome, however, scientists believe that people with mental health issues like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a higher chance of being diagnosed with the collection of health issues. Antipsychotic drugs/medications can also cause considerable weight gain.
Other factors that may cause metabolic syndrome can include, poor diet, lack of exercise or physical activity, and smoking. Excess weight and obesity can ultimately lead to insulin resistance, a condition that occurs when the human body can’t use insulin or the essential hormone that helps convert sugar or glucose into energy. If left untreated, insulin resistance can cause the pancreas to work harder and become exhausted, causing tremendously high blood sugar levels. Diabetes can damage blood vessels throughout the human body and increase the risk of developing heart disease and stroke.
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Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome with Mental Health Issues
People with mental health issues like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a higher chance of being diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Although excess weight and obesity are becoming more prevalent in the general population, people with severe mental health issues have a higher chance of developing a variety of other health issues compared with the general population. Poverty, reduced access to medical attention, and side-effects caused by psychotropic drugs/medications can increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and other health issues like heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
Antipsychotic drugs/medications are also associated with weight gain and changes in lipid and sugar or glucose metabolism. Because of the increased risk of developing the collection of health issues in people with severe mental health issues, healthcare professionals recommend regular screening and monitoring of metabolic parameters, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, and plasma lipids and sugar or glucose. Treatment should consider the increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and other health issues in people with severe mental health issues.
Metabolic Syndrome in People with Severe Mental Health Issues
Research studies evaluated changes in weight and other metabolic markers associated with antipsychotics. Olanzapine and clozapine tremendously increased metabolic markers while quetiapine and risperidone, as well as aripiprazole and ziprasidone, moderately increased metabolic markers. Long-term research studies demonstrated greater weight gain than short-term research studies and the weight gain rate was faster at the start until a peak plateau was reached. Increased risks are based on specific factors and the changes are often unpredictable, especially in antipsychotics with moderate effects.
Aripiprazole and ziprasidone are least likely to contribute to metabolic syndrome. Excess weight and obesity are often considered to be the main factors in severe mental health issues, however, according to the International Diabetes Federation, factors for metabolic syndrome can include excess weight and obesity as well as elevated TG, LDL cholesterol, BP, and fasting plasma sugar or glucose. It is essential to remember that although BMI is important, central adiposity, or waist circumference and distribution of fat, can also increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in people with mental health issues.
Treatment for Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Health Issues
Healthcare professionals prescribe the drug/medication metformin (Glucophage) to promote weight loss and improve insulin resistance in people with mental health issues. Metformin blocks the release of sugar or glucose from the liver into the bloodstream while decreasing the human body’s resistance to insulin. Only several research studies have evaluated the effects of the drug/medication on people with severe mental health issues. According to the research studies, metformin may also ultimately help people taking antipsychotics to lose weight and prevent insulin resistance from becoming worse.
During a research study, people taking antipsychotics, who also took metformin, lost an average of 3 pounds while those taking placebo maintained the same weight. Moreover, insulin resistance remained unchanged in people who also took metformin but it increased in people taking placebo. In another research study, insulin resistance remained stable in people taking antipsychotics, who also took metformin, while it worsened considerably in people taking placebo. Other research studies have evaluated whether combining metformin with diet and lifestyle modifications may have even greater benefits.
In one research study, scientists separated people with schizophrenia into four different groups: metformin alone, a placebo pill alone, diet and lifestyle modifications with metformin as well as diet and lifestyle modifications with placebo. Although both groups including diet and lifestyle modifications as well as the metformin alone helped improve metabolic syndrome and its associated health issues, the greatest improvement occurred in the combined treatment groups. The diet and lifestyle modifications with metformin group had 7 percent weight loss compared with 5 percent for the metformin alone.
People with metabolic syndrome can have several conditions that may increase the risk of developing a variety of health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Approximately 50 million adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome, however, scientists believe that people with mental health issues like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a higher chance of being diagnosed with the collection of health issues. Excess weight and obesity can ultimately lead to insulin resistance, a condition that occurs when the human body can’t use insulin or the essential hormone that helps convert sugar or glucose into energy. If left untreated, insulin resistance can cause diabetes which can, in turn, damage blood vessels and increase the risk of developing heart disease and stroke, especially in people with severe mental health issues like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight
Heart disease is one of the most common health issues associated with metabolic syndrome. People with metabolic syndrome can have several conditions that may increase the risk of developing a variety of health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Approximately 50 million adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome, however, scientists believe that people with mental health issues like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a higher chance of being diagnosed with the collection of health issues. Antipsychotic drugs/medications can also cause considerable weight gain.
Other factors that may cause metabolic syndrome can include, poor diet, lack of exercise or physical activity, and smoking. Excess weight and obesity can ultimately lead to insulin resistance, a condition that occurs when the human body can’t use insulin or the essential hormone that helps convert sugar or glucose into energy. If left untreated, insulin resistance can cause the pancreas to work harder and become exhausted, causing tremendously high blood sugar levels. Diabetes can damage blood vessels throughout the human body and increase the risk of developing heart disease and stroke.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.
Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez
References:
- Newcomer, John W. “Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Illness.” AJMC, AJMC Media, 1 Nov. 2007, www.ajmc.com/journals/supplement/2007/2007-11-vol13-n7suppl/nov07-2657ps170-s177.
- Harvard Health Publishing. “Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Illness.” Harvard Health, Harvard Health Media, Aug. 2011, www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/metabolic-syndrome-and-mental-illness.
- Demler, Tammie Lee. “Metabolic Challenges in Mental Health.” U.S. Pharmacist – The Leading Journal in Pharmacy, 17 Nov. 2017, www.uspharmacist.com/article/metabolic-challenges-in-mental-health.
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Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain
Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.
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