These assessment and treatment recommendations represent a synthesis of information derived from personal clinical experience and from the numerous sources which are cited, or are based on the work of researchers, clinicians and therapists who are named (Basmajian 1974, Cailliet 1962, Dvorak & Dvorak 1984, Fryette 1954, Greenman 1989, 1996, Janda 1983, Lewit 1992, 1999, Mennell 1964, Rolf 1977, Williams 1965).
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Table of Contents
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Assessment for SCM is as for the scalenes β there is no absolute test for shortness but observation of posture (hyperlordotic neck, chin poked forward) and palpation of the degree of induration, fibrosis and trigger point activity can all alert to probable shortness of SCM. This is an accessory breathing muscle and, like the scalenes, will be shortened by inappropriate breathing patterns which have become habitual. Observation is an accurate assessment tool.
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Since SCM is only just observable when normal, if the clavicular insertion is easily visible, or any part of the muscle is prominent, this can be taken as a clear sign of tightness of the muscle.Β If the patientβs posture involves the head being held forward of the body, often accompanied by cervical lordosis and dorsal kyphosis (see notes on upper crossed syndrome in Ch. 2), weakness of the deep neck flexors and tightness of SCM is suspected.
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The supine patient is asked to βvery slowly raise your head and touch your chin to your chestβ. The practitioner stands to the side with his head at the same level as the patient. At the beginning of the movement of the head, as the patient lifts this from the table, the practitioner would (if SCM were short) note that the chin was lifted first, allowing it to jut forwards, rather than the forehead leading the arc-like progression of the movement. In marked shortness of SCM the chin pokes forward in a jerk as the head is lifted. If the reading of this sign is unclear then Janda (1988) suggests that a slight resistance pressure be applied to the forehead as the patient makes the βchin to chestβ attempt. If SCM is short this will ensure the jutting of the chin at the outset.
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The patient is supine with the head supported in a neutral position by one of the practitionerβs hands. The shoulders rest on a cushion or folded towel, so that when the head is placed on the table it will be in slight extension. The patientβs contralateral hand rests on the upper aspect of the sternum to act as a cushion when pressure is applied during the stretch phase of the operation (as in scalene and pectoral treatment). The patientβs head is fully but comfortably rotated, contralaterally.
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Figure 4.35 MET of sternocleidomastoid on the right.
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The patient is asked to lift the fully rotated head a small degree towards the ceiling, and to hold the breath. When the head is raised there is no need for the practitioner to apply resistance as gravity effectively provides this.
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After 7β10 seconds of isometric contraction (ideally with breath held), the patient is asked to slowly release the effort (and the breath) and to place the head (still in rotation) on the table, so that a small degree of extension occurs.
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The practitionerβs hand covers the patientβs βcushionβ hand (which rests on the sternum) in order to apply oblique pressure/stretch to the sternum, to ease it away from the head and towards the feet.
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The hand not involved in stretching the sternum caudally should gently restrain the tendency the head will have to follow this stretch, but should not under any circumstances apply pressure to stretch the head/neck while it is in this vulnerable position of rotation and slight extension.
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The degree of extension of the neck should be slight, 10β15Β° at most.
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This stretch, which is applied as the patient exhales, is maintained for not less than 20 seconds to begin the release/stretch of hypertonic and fibrotic structures. Repeat at least once. The other side should then be treated in the same manner.
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CAUTION: Care is required, especially with middle aged and elderly patients, in applying this useful stretching procedure. Appropriate tests should be carried out to evaluate cerebral circulation problems. The presence of such problems indicates that this particular MET method should be avoided.
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Dr. Alex Jimenez offers an additional assessment and treatment of the hip flexors as a part of a referenced clinical application of neuromuscular techniques by Leon Chaitow and Judith Walker DeLany. The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic and spinal injuries and conditions. To discuss the subject matter, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
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By Dr. Alex Jimenez
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Overall health and wellness are essential towards maintaining the proper mental and physical balance in the body. From eating a balanced nutrition as well as exercising and participating in physical activities, to sleeping a healthy amount of time on a regular basis, following the best health and wellness tips can ultimately help maintain overall well-being. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables can go a long way towards helping people become healthy.
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Professional Scope of Practice *
The information herein on "Assessment and Treatment of Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.
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Our information scope is limited to Chiropractic, musculoskeletal, acupuncture, physical medicines, wellness, contributing etiological viscerosomatic disturbances within clinical presentations, associated somatovisceral reflex clinical dynamics, subluxation complexes, sensitive health issues, and/or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions.
We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from various disciplines. Each specialist is governed by their professional scope of practice and their jurisdiction of licensure. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and directly or indirectly support our clinical scope of practice.*
Our office has reasonably attempted to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research studies supporting our posts. We provide copies of supporting research studies available to regulatory boards and the public upon request.
We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, or contact us at 915-850-0900.
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Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, RN*, CCST, IFMCP*, CIFM*, ATN*
email: coach@elpasofunctionalmedicine.com
Licensed as a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC) in Texas & New Mexico*
Texas DC License # TX5807, New Mexico DC License # NM-DC2182
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Florida License RN License # RN9617241 (Control No. 3558029)
Compact Status: Multi-State License: Authorized to Practice in 40 States*
Presently Matriculated: ICHS: MSN* FNP (Family Nurse Practitioner Program)
Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, RN* CIFM*, IFMCP*, ATN*, CCST
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