Athletic woman during a consultation in a rehabilitation clinic complains of neck pain to her doctor physiotherapist
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Sports are excellent for promoting fitness, building confidence, and creating an environment that encourages cooperation. But fast speeds, collisions, and falls can also lead to head injuries. The most common sports head injury is a concussion, which is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Concussions often happen after a blow to the head or a sudden jolt that makes the brain move inside the skull. While most concussions are mild, they still affect brain function and deserve careful evaluation and a step-wise return to play (Cleveland Clinic, n.d.; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-a).
Other sports head injuries include skull fractures, brain contusions (bruising of brain tissue), and intracranial hematomas, such as epidural and subdural hematomas. These can be more serious and sometimes life-threatening, especially when bleeding increases pressure inside the skull (WebMD, n.d.; Children’s Minnesota, n.d.; Narayan et al., 2002/NCBI; Sakas et al., 2020). Because early signs can look similar across injuries, any head trauma needs prompt attention and a clear plan for medical evaluation and recovery.
Chiropractic and integrative care—delivered alongside medical evaluation—can help address the neck, spine, balance, and muscle symptoms that often follow concussions. This team approach supports safe healing, reduces recurring headaches or neck pain, and guides graded activity back to sport (Carr Chiropractic Clinic, n.d.; ThinkVIDA, n.d.; Aurora Chiropractic, n.d.; Eastlake Chiropractic, n.d.; Mountain Movement Center, n.d.; Jimenez, n.d.).
A concussion is a temporary disturbance in brain function caused by the rapid acceleration–deceleration of the brain inside the skull. It can occur with or without loss of consciousness. Symptoms may appear right away or hours later, and they often include headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, fogginess, balance problems, and sensitivity to light or noise (Cleveland Clinic, n.d.; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-a; Cleveland Clinic—Head Injury, n.d.).
Common sports with a higher concussion risk include football, hockey, soccer, lacrosse, wrestling, and basketball—especially in youth and high school competition, where participation is high (CDC HEADS UP, n.d.; Neural Effects, n.d.). Contact in practice and games, accidental collisions, and falls all contribute (Aptiva Health, n.d.; Arsenian Law, n.d.; GSA Medicine, n.d.).
Key point: A concussion affects function, not structure visible on standard imaging. CT or MRI scans may be normal, but the brain still needs time and a controlled plan to recover (OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b).
A skull fracture is a break in the skull bone, often from a direct blow. Symptoms may include swelling, tenderness, bleeding, or fluid from the ears/nose, and in severe cases, drowsiness, vomiting, confusion, or seizures. Skull fractures can be linear, depressed, or involve the base of the skull. They require urgent medical evaluation to check for bleeding and brain injury (Children’s Minnesota, n.d.; WebMD, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b).
A contusion is a bruise of brain tissue that can occur with direct impact. Symptoms can resemble a concussion (headache, confusion) but may progress if swelling or bleeding worsens. Close monitoring and medical imaging are often needed (WebMD, n.d.; Narayan et al., 2002/NCBI).
Epidural hematoma: bleeding between the skull and the dura (outer brain covering). Often linked to arterial bleeding and can cause a brief “lucid interval” followed by sudden deterioration. This is a medical emergency (WebMD, n.d.; Narayan et al., 2002/NCBI).
Subdural hematoma: bleeding beneath the dura, usually from tearing of bridging veins. Acute subdural hematoma is one of the most severe sports-related bleeds and needs immediate neurosurgical assessment (Sakas et al., 2020).
Both can raise pressure in the skull and quickly become life-threatening if not treated.
After any head impact or jolt, watch for:
Headache, pressure in the head, or “not feeling right” (Cleveland Clinic, n.d.; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.)
Dizziness, balance trouble, nausea/vomiting
Confusion, memory problems, slowed thinking, difficulty concentrating
Sensitivity to light/noise, blurry vision
Fatigue or drowsiness, sleep changes
Mood changes (irritability, anxiety), feeling foggy or sad (Mayo Clinic, n.d.-a; Cleveland Clinic—Head Injury, n.d.)
Red flags—call emergency services now:
Loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, severe or worsening headache
Unequal pupils, weakness or numbness in limbs, trouble speaking or walking
Seizures, increasing confusion, or unusual behavior
Clear fluid draining from nose/ears, significant neck pain after impact (Mayo Clinic, n.d.-a; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Cleveland Clinic—Head Injury, n.d.)
Head injuries are frequent in youth and high school sports. Football, hockey, soccer, wrestling, and basketball have some of the highest rates of concussion, though falls in many activities can also cause injury. Data from the CDC’s HEADS UP initiative and other sources highlight the burden of concussions across age groups and sports (CDC HEADS UP, n.d.; Neural Effects, n.d.; Aptiva Health, n.d.; GSA Medicine, n.d.). Even in sports considered “non-contact,” collisions and falls still happen (Arsenian Law, n.d.).
A head impact is usually a whole-body event. The cervical spine (neck) and upper back can be strained, and the inner ear/vestibular system can be affected. That is why post-concussion symptoms often include neck pain, headaches, dizziness, and balance problems. Addressing both the neurological and musculoskeletal sides of the injury improves outcomes (Studio Athletica, n.d.; ThinkVIDA, n.d.; Aurora Chiropractic, n.d.; Eastlake Chiropractic, n.d.; Carr Chiropractic Clinic, n.d.; Mountain Movement Center, n.d.; Jimenez, n.d.).
Medical evaluation: A clinician reviews symptoms, checks neurological status, and looks for red flags. Imaging (CT/MRI) is ordered when serious injury is suspected (OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b; Cleveland Clinic, n.d.).
Rest, then gradual activity: A short rest (24–48 hours) is typically followed by a graded, step-wise return to school/work, and then sports, guided by symptoms (Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.).
Consensus frameworks, such as international concussion guidelines (and sideline tools like SCAT), emphasize the importance of early recognition, removal from play, monitoring, and a structured return-to-play (RTP) progression (McCrory et al., 2013; Leddy et al., 2013).
Emergency care when needed: Any symptom progression or red flags require urgent assessment to rule out hematoma or other serious injury (Cleveland Clinic—Head Injury, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-a).
A commonly used model comprises six stages, with a minimum of 24 hours spent at each step and progression only if symptoms are resolved at that level. If symptoms return, step back and retry after rest (Leddy et al., 2013/NCBI; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b).
Typical 6-Stage RTP Framework (adapted from published protocols):
Symptom-limited activity: Daily activities that do not provoke symptoms.
Light aerobic exercise: Walking or stationary cycling; no resistance training.
Sport-specific exercise: Add movement (no head impact).
Non-contact training drills: More complex training; may add resistance training.
Full-contact practice: After medical clearance.
Return to game play (Leddy et al., 2013/NCBI; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.).
Chiropractic and integrative care are not a substitute for emergency medicine or neurological evaluation. Instead, they complement medical care by addressing the musculoskeletal and balance-related issues that often accompany a concussion. Under the direction of a healthcare team, the following supports are commonly used:
Gentle, evidence-informed spinal manipulation and mobilization can reduce neck pain and muscle guarding after whiplash-like forces. This may lower headache frequency and improve range of motion when applied in the right phase of recovery (Aurora Chiropractic, n.d.; Carr Chiropractic Clinic, n.d.; Eastlake Chiropractic, n.d.; Mountain Movement Center, n.d.; Studio Athletica, n.d.). Clinical experience from Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, also highlights the value of careful cervical assessment and graded manual therapy in reducing tenderness, restoring alignment, and supporting normal head and neck mechanics (Jimenez, n.d.).
Post-concussion headaches can be cervicogenic (neck-related), tension-type, or migraine-like. Hands-on care, postural retraining, and trigger-point or myofascial methods may help, along with hydration, sleep care, and load management (Studio Athletica, n.d.; Cleveland Clinic—Head Injury, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-a; Jimenez, n.d.).
Many athletes report dizziness or balance issues. Integrative clinics often incorporate vestibular rehabilitation exercises, gaze stabilization, and proprioceptive training, which are coordinated with physical therapy or sports medicine (OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Leddy et al., 2013/NCBI; Mountain Movement Center, n.d.; Jimenez, n.d.).
Once cleared, sub-threshold aerobic exercise guided by symptoms can speed recovery (as research increasingly supports) and improve mood and sleep. Breathing drills and gentle mobility can reduce neck tension and calm the nervous system (Leddy et al., 2013/NCBI; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b).
Hydration, along with regular meals that include lean protein, healthy fats, and colorful produce, supports healing. Limiting alcohol and ultra-processed foods helps reduce inflammation. Proper sleep habits are essential for brain recovery (Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b; Cleveland Clinic, n.d.; Jimenez, n.d.).
Chiropractors and integrative clinicians work with primary care, sports medicine, neurology, physical therapy, athletic trainers, and the athlete’s family. This team-based approach coordinates RTP decisions and keeps care safe (Carr Chiropractic Clinic, n.d.; Eastlake Chiropractic, n.d.; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Jimenez, n.d.).
Clinical perspective (Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC): In integrated settings, Dr. Jimenez emphasizes early identification of red flags, conservative neck care when appropriate, targeted mobility work, balance training, and a transparent RTP timeline. He notes that athletes often do best when their plan includes gentle cervical care, progressive aerobic activity, consistent sleep, and clear communication across clinicians, coaches, and families (Jimenez, n.d.).
Early rest for 24–48 hours lowers symptom load. After that, complete inactivity is usually not helpful. Instead, move into light, symptom-limited activity and then follow a step-wise plan (Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b; Leddy et al., 2013/NCBI; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.). Chiropractic and integrative care teams help monitor symptoms, adjust neck and soft-tissue care, and coordinate progression with the medical provider.
While concussions are most common, severe injuries can occur. Epidural and subdural hematomas require rapid recognition and treatment. Signs may include severe or worsening headache, repeated vomiting, unequal pupils, confusion, weakness, or seizures. These are emergencies, and manual therapy should be avoided until cleared by the treating physician (WebMD, n.d.; Sakas et al., 2020; Cleveland Clinic—Head Injury, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, n.d.-a).
Remove from play and get evaluated the same day.
First 24–48 hours: Relative rest. Manage headaches by limiting heavy cognitive load. Hydrate, sleep, and limit screen time if symptoms worsen (Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.).
Light activity: Gentle walking is recommended if symptoms are absent. Gradually add light aerobic work.
Neck and posture care: After clearance, begin gentle spinal mobilization/manipulation, stretching, and postural drills to reduce muscle guarding and headaches (Aurora Chiropractic, n.d.; Studio Athletica, n.d.; Jimenez, n.d.).
Vestibular/balance drills: Add gaze stabilization and balance training with physical therapy/occupational therapy support if dizziness persists (OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Mountain Movement Center, n.d.).
Graded return to sport: Follow the 6-stage RTP plan, advancing only when symptom-free at each step (Leddy et al., 2013/NCBI; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.).
Ongoing team communication: Chiropractor, medical provider, PT, coach, and family coordinate decisions.
Long-term follow-up: If symptoms last >10–14 days (adults) or >4 weeks (youth), consider specialty care for headache, vestibular therapy, or neuropsychology, as directed by the medical team (Mayo Clinic, n.d.-b; McCrory et al., 2013/NCBI).
Proper technique and sport-specific training to reduce risky contact or falls (GSA Medicine, n.d.; Aptiva Health, n.d.).
Well-fitted helmets and protective gear, when appropriate, can help prevent concussions (although they do not guarantee complete protection).
Strength and mobility of the neck and shoulders to better manage impact forces.
Fair play and rule enforcement to limit dangerous contact.
Culture of safety—report symptoms early, remove from play, and follow RTP protocols (CDC HEADS UP, n.d.; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Cleveland Clinic, n.d.).
Chiropractors in integrative clinics bring a strong expertise in musculoskeletal care. They help restore neck mobility, reduce post-traumatic headaches, and support balance retraining—all while collaborating with physicians and therapists. Evidence-informed care includes:
Manual therapy to reduce cervical joint restriction and muscle tension.
Posture and scapular mechanics to reduce strain on the neck and upper back.
Graded physical loading coordinated with RTP stages.
Education on symptom pacing, sleep care, hydration, and stress management.
Referral for imaging or specialty evaluation when red flags appear (Carr Chiropractic Clinic, n.d.; Eastlake Chiropractic, n.d.; ThinkVIDA, n.d.; Aurora Chiropractic, n.d.; Mountain Movement Center, n.d.; OrthoInfo—AAOS, n.d.; Jimenez, n.d.).
Dr. Jimenez’s clinical work stresses dual-scope insight (chiropractic and nurse-practitioner training) to bridge musculoskeletal and medical needs, helping patients and families understand each step—from early rest to full return to school, work, and sport (Jimenez, n.d.).
Concussions are the most common sports head injury and need careful, step-wise recovery.
Skull fractures and intracranial hematomas are less common but more severe; be aware of the red flags and act promptly.
Chiropractic and integrative care, working closely with medical providers, can reduce neck-related headaches, improve balance, and guide safe activity.
Team communication and a structured RTP plan protect athletes and support long-term brain health.
Concussions are common and deserve respect.
Severe injuries like skull fractures and intracranial hematomas need immediate medical evaluation.
Integrative teams, comprising medical providers, chiropractors, physical therapists, and athletic trainers, help athletes recover fully and return to sports safely and effectively.
Step-wise progression, neck and balance care, and clear communication keep recovery on track.
Aptiva Health. (n.d.). Sports injuries & conditions. https://www.aptivahealth.com/sports-injuries-conditions#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20athletic%20head%20injury%20is,long%2Dterm%20problems%20with%20memory%20and%20executive%20function.
Arsenian Law. (n.d.). Most common sports that lead to brain injuries. https://www.arsenian.com/blog/most-common-sports-that-lead-to-brain-injuries/#:~:text=Throws%2C%20slams%2C%20and%20takedowns%20can%20result%20in,is%20generally%20considered%20a%20non%2Dcontact%20sport%2C%20head
Aurora Chiropractic. (n.d.). Chiropractic care for head injuries. https://aurora-chiropractic.com/chiropractic-care-for-head-injuries/#:~:text=Spinal%20manipulation%20adjusts%20the%20spine,discomfort%20after%20a%20head%20injury.
Carr Chiropractic Clinic. (n.d.). The role of chiropractic care in concussion management. https://www.carrchiropracticclinic.com/the-role-of-chiropractic-care-in-concussion-management/#:~:text=1.,Collaboration%20with%20Healthcare%20Teams:
CDC HEADS UP. (n.d.). Data on TBI & sports. https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/data/index.html#:~:text=Some%20sports%20with%20the%20highest%20rates%20of,school%20basketball%20result%20from%20collisions%20among%20athletes
Children’s Minnesota. (n.d.). Skull fracture. https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/21929/skull-fracture/#:~:text=A%20skull%20fracture%20is%20caused%20by%20a,or%2C%20unfortunately%2C%20in%20circumstances%20of%20child%20abuse.
Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Concussion. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion#:~:text=Concussion%20symptoms%20may%20start%20right,(fainting%20or%20passing%20out).
Cleveland Clinic—Head Injury. (n.d.). Head injury overview and red flags. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/head-injury#:~:text=Headaches.,Seizures.
Eastlake Chiropractic. (n.d.). How chiropractors can help sports concussions. https://www.eastlakechiro.com/blog/posts/how-chiropractors-can-help-sports-concussions#:~:text=Because%20a%20concussion%20is%20a,can%20return%20to%20the%20sport.
GSA Medicine. (n.d.). Common head injuries in athletes. https://gsamedicine.com/common-head-injuries-in-athletes-signs-and-treatments/#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20sports%2Drelated,mention%20require%20immediate%20emergency%20care.
Jimenez, A. (n.d.). Clinical observations and integrative concussion insights. https://dralexjimenez.com/ and https://www.linkedin.com/in/dralexjimenez/
Leddy, J. J., Kozlowski, K., Donnelly, J. P., Pendergast, D. R., Epstein, L. H., & Willer, B. (2013). A preliminary study of subsymptom threshold exercise training for refractory post-concussion syndrome. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 23(2), 89–129. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3838718/#:~:text=The%206%2Dstage%20protocol%20was,and%20then%20return%20to%20competition.
Mayo Clinic. (n.d.-a). Concussion—Symptoms & causes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/symptoms-causes/syc-20355594#:~:text=clues%20may%20include:-,Dazed%20appearance.,Seizures%20or%20convulsions.
Mayo Clinic. (n.d.-b). Traumatic brain injury—Diagnosis & treatment. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378561#:~:text=Mild%20injury,return%20to%20normal%20routines%20gradually.
McCrory, P., et al. (2013). Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport (Zurich 2012). British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3959977/#:~:text=Abstract,2006%20and%20revised%20in%202012.
Mountain Movement Center. (n.d.). Addressing common sports injuries with chiropractic. https://www.mountainmovementcenter.com/post/addressing-common-sports-injuries-with-chiropractic#:~:text=Concussions,focus%2C%20balance%2C%20and%20coordination.
Narayan, R. K., Michel, M. E., Ansell, B., et al. (2002). Clinical trials in head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC155412/
Neural Effects. (n.d.). High-school sports and concussions. https://neuraleffects.com/blog/high-school-sports-cause-most-concussions/
OrthoInfo—American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). (n.d.). Sports concussion. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/sports-concussion/#:~:text=of%20concussion%20include:-,Drowsiness,doctor%20will%20order%20imaging%20scans.
Sakas, G., et al. (2020). Acute subdural hematoma. Journal of Neurosurgery (review context). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7755598/#:~:text=Acute%20subdural%20hematoma%20(SDH)%20is%20the%20most,of%20bridging%20veins%20crossing%20the%20subdural%20space.
Studio Athletica. (n.d.). Headache and exercise. https://www.studioathletica.com/conditions-treatments/spine-physiotherapy/headache/#:~:text=Headaches%2C%20a%20pain%20that%20can%20affect%20the,increase%20in%20blood%20pressure%2C%20such%20as%20weightlifting.
ThinkVIDA. (n.d.). Treating concussions with chiropractic care. https://thinkvida.com/blog/treating-concussions-with-chiropractic-care/
WebMD. (n.d.). Head injuries: Causes & treatments. https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/head-injuries-causes-and-treatments
Additional context and youth sports perspective:
El Paso Chiropractic. (n.d.). Fueling athletic potential: Chiropractic care for young athletes. https://elpasochiropractic.com/f/fueling-athletic-potential-chiropractic-care-for-young-athletes?blogcategory=Sports+Injuries
Grant Chiropractic Care. (n.d.). Chiropractors & recovery after concussion. https://www.grantchirocare.com/chiropractors-recovery-after-concussion/#:~:text=Just%20like%20sports%20it%20is,sports%20feeling%20stronger%20and%20healthier.
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The information herein on "Sports Head Injuries: Chiropractic’s Role" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.
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Welcome to El Paso's Premier Wellness and Injury Care Clinic & Wellness Blog, where Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, FNP-C, a Multi-State board-certified Family Practice Nurse Practitioner (FNP-BC) and Chiropractor (DC), presents insights on how our multidisciplinary team is dedicated to holistic healing and personalized care. Our practice aligns with evidence-based treatment protocols inspired by integrative medicine principles, similar to those on this site and on our family practice-based chiromed.com site, focusing on naturally restoring health for patients of all ages.
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Dr. Maria Cardenas, MD
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| Primary Taxonomy | Selected Taxonomy | State | License Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | 111N00000X - Chiropractor | NM | DC2182 |
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| Yes | 363LF0000X - Nurse Practitioner - Family | FL | 11043890 |
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Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC*, CFMP, IFMCP, ATN, CCST
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Dr. Maria Cardenas, MD
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NPI # 1164426749
MD License #: J2933
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