Spondyloarthritis is a group of inflammatory, immune-mediated diseases that cause chronic low back pain, inflammation, irritating aches, and pains. The conditions mostly affect the spine but can affect joints in the arms, legs, hips, skin, eyes, and intestines. Spondylitis types can significantly affect daily function, physical activity and compromise bone health.
Table of Contents
The main types include:
Spondylitis conditions are classified asΒ axial β axSpAΒ or peripheral β pSpA.
Spondylosis and spondylitis are similar in they cause pain and inflammation in the back and hips. The difference is in each conditionβs triggers.
Ankylosing spondylitis is the most common form of arthritis affecting the spine, other joints, and body regions. The condition causes spinal joint inflammation causing extreme discomfort and chronic pain. In some cases, the inflammation progresses to ankylosis, where spine sections fuse and become immobile. Other body areas that can trigger inflammation include:
Ankylosing spondylitis symptoms vary from person to person. Common early symptoms include:
Treatment approaches include applications of ice and heat to reduce swelling, increase circulation, and decrease joint pain, posture exercises, stretches, physical therapy, and medication.
Psoriatic arthritis causes swelling, pain, and inflammation in the small joints of the hands and feet; however, the joints of the knees, ankles, and wrists can also be affected.Β Psoriasis is a rash that causes scaly skin patches.
Enteropathic Arthritis is chronic inflammatory arthritis linked to inflammatory bowel disease. The most recognized are Crohnβs and ulcerative colitis.
Juvenile spondyloarthritis is a group of childhood rheumatic diseases that cause arthritis before age 16 and can continue through adulthood. Juvenile spondyloarthritis encompasses:
Juvenile spondyloarthritis causes inflammation and pain in joints in the lower body, like the ankles, hips, knees, and pelvis. Other body areas that could be affected include:
Lethargy and fatigue can also present. The symptoms can be unpredictable and episodic, appearing and disappearing without a specific cause. The condition cycles between flare-ups and remission. Common treatment approaches include:
Reactive arthritis is arthritis that causes pain and inflammation in the mucous membranes, bladder, skin, joints, eyes, and genitals.
Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis is where the signs and symptoms of spondylitis donβt meet the criteria for a specific rheumatoid disorder. Individuals diagnosed with undifferentiated spondyloarthritis will have one or more of the symptoms that include:
Treatment approaches include:
Carron, Philippe, et al. βPeripheral spondyloarthritis: a neglected entity-state of the art.β RMD open vol. 6,1 (2020): e001136. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001136
Dougados, Maxime, and Dominique Baeten. βSpondyloarthritis.β Lancet (London, England) vol. 377,9783 (2011): 2127-37. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60071-8
Gill, Tejpal, et al. βThe intestinal microbiome in spondyloarthritis.β Current opinion in rheumatology vol. 27,4 (2015): 319-25. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000187
Rosenbaum, James T. βThe eye in spondyloarthritisβ°.β Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism vol. 49,3S (2019): S29-S31. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.014
Seo, Mi Ryoung et al. βDelayed diagnosis is linked to worse outcomes and unfavorable treatment responses in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.β Clinical rheumatology vol. 34,8 (2015): 1397-405. doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2768-y
Sharip, Aigul, and Jeannette Kunz. βUnderstanding the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis.β Biomolecules vol. 10,10 1461. 20 Oct. 2020, doi:10.3390/biom10101461
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