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Functional Neurology: The Gut-Brain Connection in Parkinson’s Disease

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Do you experience chronic gut health issues? Research studies have found that Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be associated with the gut-brain connection. Evidence in a group of mice demonstrated that PD can actually start in the gut, which may explain why patients with PD have constipation and other gut health issues. Scientists have also found that patients with Parkinson’s disease report having gut health issues up to 10 years before experiencing tremors and other symptoms. According to other research studies, patients with PD may even have different biodiversity of gut bacteria than other healthy adults.Β 

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Outcome measures in the group of mice showed that the β€œharmful” alpha-synuclein fibers that build-up in the nerve cell endings of patients with Parkinson’s disease can immediately affect neurons in the brain. Scientists found this by identifying the spread of alpha-synuclein fibers in the nerve cell endings of the affected neurons in the brain of patients with PD. Alpha-synuclein is a fat-soluble substance, generally found in healthy neurons, however, alpha-synuclein molecules can clump together and damage brain cells. Scientists also found that patients can have a build-up of alpha-synuclein fibers in their gut. Β 

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The Gut-Brain Connection

A collection of fibers, known as the vagus nerve, which starts in the brain stem and extends to the major organs, including the gut, is believed to be the main source of PD associated with the gut-brain connection. Recent research studies of vagotomy patients demonstrated a reduced risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Scientists have also found that alpha-synuclein fibers injected into the digestive system of a group of mice can reach the brain through the vagus nerve. If alpha-synuclein molecules can reach the brain from the gut, why does the fat-soluble substance build-up in the gut in the first place? Β 

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Scientists believe that alpha-synuclein develops in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to help combat pathogens and other β€œharmful” components. Michael Zasloff, a professor at Georgetown University, and his colleagues reported that alpha-synuclein molecules developed in healthy children after having an infection and alpha-synuclein seemed to trigger immune cells. Scientists also believe that alpha-synuclein can build-up in the GI tract due to the gut microbiome itself. Evidence in a group of mice demonstrated that bacteria can ultimately activate the development of alpha-synuclein in the gut and brain. Β 

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Research studies have started to understand how the gut microbiome may be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Scientists have found that patients with Parkinson’s disease have a unique biodiversity of gut bacteria and scientists have also found that fecal microbe transplants from patients into a group of mice may increase alpha-synuclein in the brain and worsen symptoms in patients with PD. Other research studies have also shown that alpha-synuclein molecules seem to trigger microglial cells. This substance may send a signal through the vagus nerve or penetrate it completely through the bloodstream. Β 

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Inflammation and Parkinson’s Disease

According to several research studies, inflammation caused by an abnormal gut microbiome may also cause the development of Parkinson’s disease. In one research study, Inga Peter, a genetic epidemiologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and her colleagues analyzed the relationship between inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) and Parkinson’s disease. The analysis compared 144,018 participants with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease and 720,090 healthy controls where PD was 28 percent higher in people with IBS than in those in the control group, supporting previous research study findings. Β 

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Inflammation is believed to increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease because it may increase alpha-synuclein as well as increase intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Inflammation may also increase cytokines, molecules which can increase inflammation in the body. Moreover, an abnormal gut microbiome can also cause inflammation. However, because not all patients with Parkinson’s disease will have inflammatory bowel syndrome or any other gut health issues, further evidence is still required to determine how the gut-brain connection can ultimately be associated with PD. Β 

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If this is indeed true, however, it will allow scientists to develop new interventions for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease that targets the gut instead of the brain. Several research studies have already started to analyze the effects of these new interventions. In 2015, Michael Zasloff and his colleagues started a company, known as Enterin, which is currently testing a substance that decreases the development of alpha-synuclein molecules in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although the treatment is intended to reduce constipation, the scientists hope that they will be able to prevent or even restore the effects of PD. Β 

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Although many research studies and evidence support the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease may be much closely associated with the gut-brain axis than we thought, the question of how early the digestive system changes may occur is still unknown. Furthermore, other scientists still suggest that PD may start elsewhere in the body. β€œI believe that there’s possibly various sites of origin for Parkinson’s disease,” stated Viviane Labrie, a neuroscientist at the Van Andel Research Institute in Michigan. β€œFor several people, it might be the gut while for several people, it might simply be something that occurs in the brain.” Β 

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder that affects the central nervous system. PD can cause various, well-known symptoms, including tremors, slowed movements, stiffness, and loss of balance, among others. Research studies have demonstrated that nerve cell damage in the brain can decrease dopamine, a neurotransmitter and/or hormone, that can cause Parkinson’s disease. However, scientists have found that the gut-brain connection may ultimately be associated with PD. Inflammation caused by an abnormal gut microbiome as well as gut health issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is also believed to be one of the main factors for PD associated with the gut-brain connection. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight

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The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.Β 

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Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez Β 

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References:

  • Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. β€œNew Research Shows Parkinson’s Disease Origins in the Gut.” Medical Xpress – Medical Research Advances and Health News, Medical Xpress, 26 June 2019, medicalxpress.com/news/2019-06-parkinson-disease-gut.html.
  • CureParkinsonsTrust. β€œNew Evidence Suggests Parkinson’s Might Not Start in The Brain.” The Cure Parkinson’s Trust, 28 Nov. 2019, www.cureparkinsons.org.uk/news/parkinsons-starts-in-gut.
  • Kwon, Diana. β€œDoes Parkinson’s Begin in the Gut?” Scientific American, Scientific American, 8 May 2018, www.scientificamerican.com/article/does-parkinsons-begin-in-the-gut/.

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Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain

Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance. Β 

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Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease

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Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural ZoomerTM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural ZoomerTM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention. Β 

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Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response

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Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity ZoomerTM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs. Β 

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Gut Zoomer for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

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Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate gut health associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The Vibrant Gut ZoomerTM offers a report that includes dietary recommendations and other natural supplementation like prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols. The gut microbiome is mainly found in the large intestine and it has more than 1000 species of bacteria that play a fundamental role in the human body, from shaping the immune system and affecting the metabolism of nutrients to strengthening the intestinal mucosal barrier (gut-barrier). It is essential to understand how the number of bacteria that symbiotically live in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract influences gut health because imbalances in the gut microbiome may ultimately lead to gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms, skin conditions, autoimmune disorders, immune system imbalances, and multiple inflammatory disorders. Β 

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Modern Integrated Medicine

The National University of Health Sciences is an institution that offers a variety of rewarding professions to attendees. Students can practice their passion for helping other people achieve overall health and wellness through the institution’s mission. The National University of Health Sciences prepares students to become leaders in the forefront of modern integrated medicine, including chiropractic care. Students have an opportunity to gain unparallel experience at the National University of Health Sciences to be able to help restore the natural integrity of the patient and define the future of modern integrated medicine. Β 

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Professional Scope of Practice *

The information herein on "Functional Neurology: The Gut-Brain Connection in Parkinson's Disease" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.

Blog Information & Scope Discussions

Our information scope is limited to Chiropractic, musculoskeletal, acupuncture, physical medicines, wellness, contributing etiological viscerosomatic disturbances within clinical presentations, associated somatovisceral reflex clinical dynamics, subluxation complexes, sensitive health issues, and/or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions.

We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from various disciplines. Each specialist is governed by their professional scope of practice and their jurisdiction of licensure. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and directly or indirectly support our clinical scope of practice.*

Our office has reasonably attempted to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research studies supporting our posts. We provide copies of supporting research studies available to regulatory boards and the public upon request.

We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, or contact us at 915-850-0900.

We are here to help you and your family.

Blessings

Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, RN*, CCST, IFMCP*, CIFM*, ATN*

email: coach@elpasofunctionalmedicine.com

Licensed as a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC) in Texas & New Mexico*
Texas DC License # TX5807, New Mexico DC License # NM-DC2182

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Florida License RN License # RN9617241 (Control No. 3558029)
Compact Status: Multi-State License: Authorized to Practice in 40 States*

Presently Matriculated: ICHS: MSN* FNP (Family Nurse Practitioner Program)

Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, RN* CIFM*, IFMCP*, ATN*, CCST
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